RUDYARD KIPLING was born in Bombay in 1865, where his father taught at the government school of art. In 1871, he and his even younger sister were sent back to England to live with a family called the Holloways, a time of his life he always remembered as deeply unhappy. After attending United Services College in Devon, he returned to India in 1882 to become a journalist in Lahore, later moving to Allahabad. His experiences during this period provided the material for the poems and stories that were published as Departmental Ditties (1886) and Plain Tales from the Hills (1888). In 1889 Kipling returned to England, publishing Barrack-Room Ballads in 1892, the year in which he married and moved to Vermont, where he lived until 1896. In addition to his prolific career as a prose writer, Kipling produced several more collections of verse, most notably The Seven Seas (1896), The Five Nations (1903) and The Years Between (1919). In 1902 he settled at Bateman's in Sussex with his family, although he continued to travel widely. In 1907 he became the first English writer to receive the Nobel Prize for literature. He died in 1936.